Old Testament

1 Samuel

Date: ca. 1,000 BC Contents Samuel was the last judge before a king was appointed for the nation of Israel. These books mark the transition from the period of the judges to the kingship. The situation was chaotic. Religiously it went downhill and the economic situation was bad. The greatest difficulty was the Philistine army …

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Ruth

Author: Unknown Date: approx. 1,100 BC Contents This book counters the depressing image at the end of the Book of Judges. In the time of the Adjusters, life was hard and difficult. The book of Judges ends with the comment that everyone did what was right in their eyes. The book of Ruth tells of …

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Judges

Author: Unknown Date: ca. 1,100 BC Contents After the conquest of the promised land of Canaan, the people of Israel divided the land and settled in one area by tribe. They faced the problem of the whole dismantling of a nation: House construction. To work the land. Digging water wells. Administrative organization. Moreover, the people …

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Joshua

Date: ca. 1350 BC Contents This book picks up where the book of Deuteronomy leaves off. Joshua took over leadership from Moses. He was one of the spies, along with Caleb, who had then urged the unwilling nation of Israel to enter the promised land of Canaan. Now, 40 years later, the people would move …

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Deuteronomy

Author: Moses Date: ca. 1,400 BC Contents This 5th book of Moses is a kind of bridge between the earliest events in the existence of the people of Israel and the world and what follows after Israel enters the GOD promised land of Canaan. The book has a double perspective. It looks back at all …

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Numbers

Author: Moses Date: ca. 1,400 BC Contents This book tells about the experiences of the people of Israel in the desert. From the earliest times, Jewish scholars call the book “In the Desert,” after the 1st word of the text in the Hebrew language. The name Numbers refers to the many numerical lists that play …

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Leviticus 

Author: MosesDate: ca. 1,400 BC Contents Leviticus was the handbook for the priest of ancient Israel. Much attention is paid to the rules for: Sacrifice, Ritual cleansing, Ordinations, Celebrate, Celebrations. Rules are also given that are not directly related to the religious institutions, but to daily life. In fact, these rules mean that all life …

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Exodus

Author: MosesDate: ca. 1,400 BC Contents The book of Exodus continues the theme of redemption from the book of Genesis. Redemption can be found in history itself and summarized in the special history of Israel. It is the dramatic story of the oppression of the people of God in a foreign land, without any human …

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Genesis

Author: MosesDate: ca. 1,400 BC Contents The book of Genesis is a theological explanation for the origin of the universe. It tells of the creation of plants, animals and man; about the human nations; the election of Abraham and the nation of Israel as the historical bearers of God’s redemption. It tells how God is …

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